Although a number of genes were found to be differentially expressed between IBD and control samples (eg, DEFA5, DEFA6, LYZ, PLA2G2A, CD40, CD44), none of the marker genes correlated with inflammatory status, suggesting minimal impact of epithelial cell composition and immune cell contamination on the observed disease-specific molecular changes (Supplementary Figure S4). This evidence concerns the gene LYZ and inflammatory bowel disease.