The BI-ENRICH algorithm showed that most of the top pathways identified for restless legs syndrome were related to neurodevelopment, including neurogenesis (genes MDGA1, MYT1, NTNG1, and SEMA6D), cell-junction organisation (PKP4 and SMAD3), and axon guidance (NTNG1 and SEMA6D). Here, SMAD3 is linked to restless legs syndrome.