Interestingly, Davis et al. [26] found that intratumoral treatment of LPS, acting as TLR4 agonist, combined with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene modified tumor vaccine (GVAX), enhanced maturation of APC in tumor microenvironment and induced efficient anti-tumor response. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and neoplasm.