IFNG and neoplasm: In terms of its anti-tumor mechanism, studies have shown that it activates the immune system by inducing the maturation and activation of dendritic cells and enhancing their antigen-presenting activity [16]; it also promotes the proliferation of peritoneal macrophages and stimulates their phagocytic activity synergistically with IFN-γ [13]; furthermore it interacts with integrin αM and increases TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression in macrophages, thereby inducing tumor cell apoptosis [17, 18].