MYC and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Thus, we propose the VRK1/c-Jun/c-MYC axis as a novel pathway that contributes to CDDP resistance in ESCC, and the components of the DNA repair system, including γ-H2AX, NBS1 and 53BP1, which are regulated directly by VRK1, may account for other types of DNA damage, such as ionizing radiation or other chemotherapeutic agents.