Thus, we propose the VRK1/c-Jun/c-MYC axis as a novel pathway that contributes to CDDP resistance in ESCC, and the components of the DNA repair system, including γ-H2AX, NBS1 and 53BP1, which are regulated directly by VRK1, may account for other types of DNA damage, such as ionizing radiation or other chemotherapeutic agents. This evidence concerns the gene TP53BP1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.