THBS1 and classic lissencephaly: Both HPAEC and HAEC were not available at hands, we then isolated the vascular part of paraffin-embedded sections of normal lobes from healthy subjects (representing HPAEC), the isolated vascular part of lesion area (representing L-HAEC), and near-lesion area (N-HAEC) of abnormal lobe from ILS subjects to investigate THBS1 expression by quantitative PCR (Figure 2C).