A comparison of expression of the two proteins above in varying tumor sizes of astrocytoma (<5 cm or ≥5 cm) showed that significantly higher percentage of high c-PARP expression was found in larger tumor size of astrocytoma (P = 0.033), while HSP10 had no correlation with tumor sizes of astrocytoma. Here, HSPE1 is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).