IL1B and hereditary elliptocytosis: Interestingly, in the hyperammonemic rat model, microglia and astrocytes were activated with a concomitant increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-647, suggesting that ammonia alone is capable of inducing neuroinflammation during HE, although it is unlikely that the modulation of neuroinflammation is solely the consequence of hyperammonemia during HE.