They concluded that myocardial downregulation of miR-10b may be involved in increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis in AS patients, probably through the upregulation of apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (APAF1) gene expression, thus contributing to cardiomyocyte damage and to the development of heart failure [175]. This evidence concerns the gene APAF1 and aortic stenosis.