The analysis in biopsy-proven LN patients with active renal disease revealed elevated protein levels of CSF1, sIL15RA, sCD40, sCX3CL1, caspase 8, sIL18R1, bNGF, and GDNF compared to those without LN (Table 2c, Fig. 5). This evidence concerns the gene GDNF and lobular neoplasia.