One study showed that E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion inhibited EGF receptor (EGFR) activation but it is also known that E-cadherin is involved in the activation of EGFR and its downstream signals such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase and results in tumor survival68–70. This evidence concerns the gene CDH1 and neoplasm.