INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: From 120 d to 240 d, 881 genes were differentially expressed, including 628 up-regulated and 253 down-regulated genes, which are involved in 16 pathways including phagocytosis (phagosome, endocytosis), bone differentiation (osteoclast differentiation), energy metabolism and fat deposition (type I diabetes mellitus, insulin signalling pathway, steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis) and protein metabolism (protein digestion and absorption, arginine and proline metabolism) (p < 0.01) (Fig. 4b).