The HDL anti-inflammatory capacity was strongly impaired in T2DM subjects [3.18 vs 1.05 fold increase in VCAM-1 mRNA expression (higher values indicate lower anti-inflammatory capacity); P < 0.001, Table 1], coinciding with lower PON-1 activity, higher hsCRP and TNF-α levels. Here, VCAM1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.