The HDL anti-inflammatory capacity was also different in the diabetic subjects (n = 40) vs non-diabetic subjects without MetS [n = 29; 1.03 (0.49–1.37) fold increase in VCAM1 expression, P < 0.001], but was not different between non-diabetic subjects with and without MetS (P = 0.11). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and metabolic syndrome.