For example, module 2, which contains PIK3CA and CDH1, is mutually exclusive with several genes implicated in cancer, including MED23 and DCC, a gene implicated in colorectal cancer but novel in the context of breast cancer (For the newly created supergene, we define that the supergene has a mutation in a patient if there is any mutated gene in the module for the patient. Here, DCC is linked to breast carcinoma.