MLE was recently shown to improve obesity by inducing adipocyte apoptosis and inhibiting preadipocyte differentiation and hepatic lipogenesis in HFD-induced obese mice [17], and correcting hyperglycemia and increasing insulin secretion by MLE was also demonstrated in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced non-obese diabetic rat model [18]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.