In comparison with normal pregnancy, we observed a decrease in RANKL expression in trophoblasts and DSCs (Figure 6a), as well as reduced RANK expression on CD14+dMφ (Figures 6b and c) in miscarriage, accompanied by a decreased frequency of dMφ with an M2 phenotype and an increase in the M1 phenotype (Figures 6d and e). Here, TNFSF11 is linked to Miscarriage.