CAV1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: These results correlate with previous findings, showing that CAV1 regulates expression of BCL-2 family proteins in hepatocytes.15 TGF-β exerts its pro-apoptotic effects in hepatocytes also through induction of NOX4, which produces ROS and oxidative stress.20, 28 An influence of NOX4 on regulation of members of the BCL-2 family was previously suggested.8, 18 Here we propose that basal levels of NOX4 in HCC cells are influenced by CAV1 levels.