ABL1 and myelodysplastic syndrome: Azacytidine (5-AZA) has presented significant therapeutic results for patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, by inducing the demethylation of CpG sites and the consequent upregulation of silenced genes.36, 37 Treatment of CML cell lines with 1μM 5-AZA alone restored the levels of WASP expression in LAMA-84, BV173 (greatly) and KCL22 (partially) cell lines, confirming that CpG methylation is indeed one epigenetic mechanism involved in BCR–ABL1-induced WASP suppression (Figure 3).