PINK1 and Parkinson disease: Dysfunction of Parkin/PINK1-dependent mitophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of PD.9, 10 In mitophagy, PINK1 phosphorylates and activates Parkin11, 12 and ubiquitin.13, 14, 15 Phosphorylated ubiquitin further activates Parkin and recruits it to impaired mitochondria.16, 17 Subsequently, Parkin ubiquitinates outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) proteins and triggers their degradation by proteasome,18, 19 leading to the clearance of mitochondria via autophagy.20 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways have been identified to play a role in mitophagy.