In addition, we also determined the concentrations of plasma IL-22, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in all the individual subjects, and observed that levels of plasma IL-22 (Fig. 3A), IL-17 (Fig. 3B), IFN-γ (Fig. 3C), and TNF-α (Fig. 3D) were notably elevated in SLE patients in comparison to HCs. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus.