Based on multivariable Cox regression analysis for PFD in the HFrEF group, the clinical model included diabetes, NYHA class III and administration of ARB or ACE inhibitors (AUC of 0.69 (0.60–0.78), p<0.001), the ECG model included reduced RR range, ΔαTpe≤0.022 and TS≤2.5 ms/RR (S5 Table) (AUC of 0.76 (0.68–0.83), p<0.001), while the combined model included the three variables from the clinical model, ΔαTpe≤0.022 and TS≤2.5 ms/RR (S5 Table) (AUC of 0.79 (0.71–0.86), p<0.001). Here, ACE is linked to diabetes mellitus.