CTLA4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Using a neutralizing antibody against IFN-α or using a specific agonist for S1PR1, an immune regulatory receptor which mediates IFN-α autoamplification, protects T1D onset in a Rip-LCMV mouse model by limiting the infiltration of autoreactive T cells into the islets and by inducing expression of tolerogenic receptor genes, such as Pdcd1, Lag3, Ctla4, Tigit, and Btla (78).