The TUR-BPH samples showed the highest IGF2 expression and were followed by RP-BPH and RP-PCa (TUR-BPH vs. RP-BPH: p = 0.016; RP-BPH vs. RP-PCa: p = 0.0026, Mann-Whitney U test) (Fig. 2a). Here, IGF2 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.