While the AUC for mean GA and the AUC for mean HbA1c were not significantly different, the AUC for the adjusted SD of GA was superior to the adjusted SD of HbA1c in predicting CAN, even after adjusting for age, sex, duration of diabetes, total cholesterol level, fasting C-peptide level, use of insulin, use of anti-hypertensive drugs, and smoking status (AUC for adjusted SD of GA = 0.876 vs. AUC for adjusted SD of HbA1c = 0.833, P = 0.013). Here, INS is linked to Crouzon syndrome-acanthosis nigricans syndrome.