ELF5 represses EMT by suppressing SNAI2 expression [38] and down regulating ESR1 [21], and down regulation of ELF5 is detected in all stages of cancer progression including atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma [39]. This evidence concerns the gene SNAI2 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ.