DKK1 and atherosclerosis: Furthermore, GS (i.g.; 100 mg/kg) was proved to protect against atherosclerosis in vivo through inhibiting the development of atherosclerotic lesions; increasing Wnt1; decreasing dickkopf-related protein-1(DKK1) and NF-κB expression; reducing serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels; and elevating the ratio of Wnt1/DKK1.