In addition, we observed that the ratio of TGF-β+/IFN-γ+Vδ2+ cells was significantly higher in PHI compared to UT-CHI indicating the conversion of Vδ2+ cells from an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in PHI to pro-inflammatory profile in UT-CHI. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and congenital isolated hyperinsulinism.