UBE2E3 and Parkinson disease: It is interesting to note that five other genes linked unambiguously to PD, i.e. leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 or LRRK2 (PARK8), Parkinson protein 2 E3 Ubiquitin protein ligase or Parkin (PARK2), PTEN Induced Putative Kinase 1 or PINK1 (PARK6), parkinsonism-associated deglycase or DJ-1 (PARK7), and ATPase Type 13A2 or ATP13A2 (PARK9) are all involved in protein turnover by the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP)7, underscoring the significance of this pathway in the pathogenesis of PD.