In addition to the change in immune cell composition, elevated levels of immunosuppressive cytokines such as TGF‐β1, IL‐10, and GM‐CSF have been observed in the TDLNs of patients with breast cancer and other carcinoma diseases (Dalal et al, 1993; Leong et al, 2002; Lee et al, 2005). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and breast cancer.