DDX41 and Alzheimer disease: Originally, Cu(ii) ion’s effects on Aβ have been considered to be the cause of the harmful cross-linking of Aβs, which significantly contributes to the development of Alzheimer’s disease.11–14 However, we recently accidentally discovered that Cu(ii) could also induce Aβ degradation in the presence of extrinsic anti-oxidants such as Vc and endogenous anti-oxidants such as dopamine.