IGF1 and liver disorder: In men with AUD and cirrhosis, a decrease in IGF-1 bioavailability as a result of liver disease contributes at least in part to the elevated circulating levels of estradiol and estrone (Martinez-Riera et al. 1995) and the development of hypogonadism (Castilla-Cortazar et al. 2000) since IGF-1 can stimulate testosterone synthesis and spermatogenesis (Roser 2008).