VEGFA and endophthalmitis: For example, the half-life of ranibizumab (a VEGF inhibitor for treatment of exudative AMD) in human vitreous is approximately 9 days, requiring one administration per month.14,15 Frequent intravitreal injections raise the patient's discomfort, and cumulatively increase the risk of potential complications, such as vitreous hemorrhage, cataract, and endophthalmitis.16 Additionally, frequent outpatient visits are a burden for vision-impaired patients and significantly increase total treatment cost.12,17