VSMC phenotypic transformation is characterized by an increase in synthetic protein including OPN and a reduction in contractile proteins such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and smooth muscle 22α (SM22α) in hypertension.15, 16 Contractile proteins α-SMA and SM22α were downregulated, while synthetic protein osteopontin (OPN) were upregulated, indicating phenotypic transformation in aortic media of SHR (Figure 1f). This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and hypertensive disorder.