PTK2 and cancer: The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cancer cell metastasis.21, 22 The data showed that hispolon decreased P-AKT and increased P-FAK Tyr925 levels in HeLa cells but did not alter the activities of JNK, FAK, and Akt signaling pathways in SiHa cell line, whereas hispolon activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in both HeLa and SiHa cell lines (Figure 6a).