STAT1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Researchers also demonstrated prolonged phosphorylation of STAT1 after STAT1β transfection, and that this effect is related to a reduction of SOCS1,10 which is a negative regulator of the JAK-STAT1 pathway.18 However, in our study, we did not find a change in SOCS1 expression by ESCC cells after STAT1β transfection.