PVT1 and diabetes mellitus: PVT1 is upregulated in diabetes, and autophagy repression decreases its transcriptional level.127 The elevation of PVT1 mediated by autophagy functions crucially in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.128, 129 Clearly, PVT1 is probably not degraded by autophagy, as it is downregulated when autophagy is repressed.127 Thus, extensive further investigations are needed to demonstrate what determinants participate in this process.