H19 and diabetic cardiomyopathy: DUSP5 is known to repress phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and activation of the latter has been reported to provoke autophagy.35 The opposite effects of H19 on autophagy in diabetic cardiomyopathy and cerebral I/R injury indicate that conditional gene interference with H19 may be an efficient therapeutic approach to different pathological processes.