The effect of caffeine on microglia reactivity triggered by ischemia followed by 24 h or 7 days of reperfusion was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining of retinal sections (Iba1 and MHC-II, as described) and by mRNA expression with qPCR (Figure 5 and Supplementary Figures S2 and S3). The gene discussed is AIF1; the disease is ischemia.