DDIT3 and neuroblastoma: In addition, YKS has been demonstrated to prevent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells and Neuro-2a mouse neuroblastoma cells by both upregulating chaperone protein GRP78/Bip expression for unfolded protein repair and inhibiting CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) expression for the induction of apoptosis (Hiratsuka et al., 2010).