Cytokines released from tumor and stromal cells upon AT1R activation by AngII include TGF-β, IL-1a, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein–1), M-CSF, COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2), and CRP (C-reactive protein) (Fig. 2) (4, 22, 42, 56, 59, 65, 83–87). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.