KRAS and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Previous studies have demonstrated that the Co-SM in multiple driver genes were correlated with certain clinical–pathological features of solid tumors and therapeutic response to certain treatments; for example, KRAS and PIK3CA comutations were the most distinctive features of early NSCLC, whereas the RB1 and TP53 coalterations indicated a characteristic genotype of small cell lung cancer [17].