Another pro-apoptotic marker, tightly linked to chronic ER stress-caspase dependent apoptotic response is CASP3. HIV-1 gp120 C led to significant upregulation of gene CASP3 when compared to control and HIV-1 gp120 B treated cells (1.43 fold ± 0.22 vs. 2.15 fold ± 0.10) (Figure 4G) in astrocytoma. Here, CASP3 is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).