32 and references therein]. Since α4β2-nAChR seems to be one of the major inhibitors of cancer development [18], the significant down-regulation of CHRNA4 expression in ADC-L tumors that we have found would result in a reduction in the number of nAChRs containing the α4 subunit, and this may favor carcinogenesis in this histological tumor type. This evidence concerns the gene CHRNA4 and neoplasm.