Because similar pigmentation phenotypes as observed in Mysm1−/− mice are commonly caused by deletion of genes such as Paired box 3 (Pax3), SRY box 10 (Sox10), Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf), and others which human homologs are involved in melanoma formation [17], we hypothesized that MYSM1 may be implicated in melanomagenesis as well. Here, PAX3 is linked to melanoma.