PINX1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Other studies have demonstrated that PinX1 expression was upregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as well as cervical squamous cell carcinomas (CSCC) tissue, suggesting that abnormal PinX1 gene regulation and/or protein functions in tumorigenesis are complicated and are likely be tumor-type-specific [15].