Similarly, gene expression analysis of immune-related genes showed distinguished expression patterns of multiple immune-related genes, such as TCRB, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, granzyme A (GZMA), perforin 1 (PRF1), HLA-A and HLA-DQA1, and the ratios of CD8/TCRB, GZMA/TCRB, PRF1/TCRB, FOXP3/TCRB and CD8/FOXP3 among three different portions in individual tumors (Figure 2C), further suggesting that the immune microenvironment is spatially heterogeneous in these five breast cancer cases. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DQA1 and breast carcinoma.