Gene-based tests (aggregating rare/low frequency variants at the locus) identified significant associations with fasting proinsulin at TBC1D30, SGSM2 and ATG13, although conditional analyses suggested the ATG13 signal was partially driven by variants in MADD. Wessel et al. (39) identified a non-synonymous variant at GLP1R (A316T; rs10305492; MAF = 1.4%) associated with lower FG, early insulin secretion and type 2 diabetes risk, but higher 2hG (39). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.