MAP1LC3A and infection: While some flaviviruses, like hepatitis C virus and chikungunya virus, use enlarged membrane compartments, which in part depend on the autophagic machinery for their RNA replication [33,34,35] and Norovirus RNA replication complexes are restricted by the LC3 conjugation complex [36], picornaviruses seem to use autophagic membranes for non-cytolytic spreading of their infection [37].