TNF and Fever: Berberine (Figure 2), an isoquinoline alkaloid mainly extracted from Rhizoma Coptidis, significantly postponed the death after intraperitoneal LPS (from Salmonella thyphimurium LT2) injection in mice, decreased the body temperature on LPS-generated fever in rabbits, and inhibited the increasing of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-beta (IFN-β) expressions (real-time PCR analysis of mRNA expression) [68].