To improve the understanding of how genetic variants influence CQ/PQ malaria treatment, the present study aims to investigate if ABCB1, ABCC4, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3 and SLCO2B1 polymorphisms are associated with P. vivax malaria treatment response in a Brazilian population. This evidence concerns the gene ABCB1 and malaria.