In Fig. 1A–C, an in situ carcinoma shows complete loss of HUGL-1 at the cell membrane (Fig. 2A), where it is known to localise in normal breast tissue48, YAP (Fig. 2B) and c-MYC (Fig. 2C) are mildly expressed and few Cas3-positive fibroblasts are interspersed amid the tumour cells (Fig. 2C, arrowheads i.s.). This evidence concerns the gene EFS and cancer.